is not already tired of watching an endless stream of new energy daily news? Then we interesting in terms of points, the German brand who first invented the electric car today? After a hundred years of German brand power development has brought us what?
■ Who is the leader in the field of German electric car?
1900 is the last year of the 19th century, in the 20th century is about to enter this point, there have been many events in the world: the German miners began a strike to return to work, the outbreak of the war of aggression against China Boxer Rebellion , Empress Dowager Cixi of the Qing car …… not. You say no hurry anxious person?
The same year the automotive industry has undergone tremendous change, Mercedes – Benz is one of the founders, Gottlieb middot; Daimler died, people still lamenting the great German engineer and inventor “hero short life,” the occasion. by Ferdinand middot; first electric car Lohner Bo Sheer (Ferdinand Porsche) Porsche invention exhibited in Paris, in the next 20 years, he created the electric and hybrid technology to suppress the overwhelming fuel vehicles development of.
Yes, the hero of the story today is in the automotive industry can say is no wonder known to everybody – Ferdinand middot; Mr. Bo Sheer, and he Lohner Porsche electric car to the invention.
▲ Phil Nadi middot; Mr. Bo Sheer, Porsche founder
Ferdinand middot; Mr. Bo Sheer years at only 22 years of age when you show the extraordinary design capabilities, which makes him still in the early development of the automotive industry has been highly appreciated. When he reached the age of 25 will subvert the entire German automobile industry, because he invented the first car to use lead-acid battery-powered electric vehicles, invented the first set of hybrid systems, as well as the first cars equipped with hybrid system four wheel drive vehicle.
■ Ferdinand middot; why Bo Sheer will make Germany the first electric car?
the late 19th century, the vast majority of European royal carriage to the main car, which originated from the internal combustion engine technology was not developed. Usually caused by engine production capacity, failure and more maintenance difficulties, short mileage and start the tedious (According to unofficial reports, at the time of engine heat an hour) and other reasons, so that the royal family is still dependent on carriage as daily travel transportation. At that time the existence of the internal combustion engine vehicle unreliability, could not get the trust of the royal family, after all, the royal family’s car broke down halfway how embarrassing that was.
at the time of the German automotive industry is not optimistic about the royal family there is a reason that the UK early next door to the introduction of pure electric vehicles in 1838 and 1873, and in the 19th century the late British electric cars have become an important product in the field of transportation. It also indicates that we are now the blowout of German industry, lagging behind the players at the time of the global automotive industry.
▲ 1838 Nian Scotsman Robert middot; Anderson manufacture of electric vehicles
▲ 1873 Englishman Robert middot ; Davidson manufacture of electric vehicles
and we are now familiar with some German car firms not established in the same year, some to sell the aircraft, and some made in internal combustion engine vehicles. Volkswagen has not established; BMW did not set up; founder and still sell the aircraft; and Daimler – Benz is also developing, which is equipped with a water-cooled engine and drive shaft opposite the “Pa Xi Faer type “car.
one of the founders BMW
▲ Gustav middot; Otto (Gustav Otto) aircraft factory produced aircraft engines
[123 ] 
▲ Daimler – Mercedes early in the development of “Parsifal type” internal combustion engine car model
in 1897, Ferdinand still is how to promote the development of the German automotive industry middot; Bo Sheer sir, in the chance to get to know the time and the royal carriage business of Ludwig middot; Mr. Lautner (Ludwig Lohner). After two familiar, think of cars equipped with electric technology will eliminate carriage and obtain the favor of the royal car, and became the mainstream travel tools. So in 1898 Ferdinand middot; Mr. Bo Sheer joined Ludwig middot; Mr. Lautner Vienna’s Kelowna body production company (Lohner-Werke), both at the same time continue to produce carriage, with research of electric vehicles. At the same time, at the end of 1898, by Ferdinand middot; Bo Sheer and Ludwig middot; lona together to create the Lohner Porsche prototype was born,
At this time, Adolf middot; Hitler was a 9-year-old ignorant youth , remember this man, he dominated the fate of the German car prices .
▲ mounted on the front wheel motor and lead-acid battery powered Lohner Porsche prototype
■ whether born Lohner Porsche will become the mainstream of transport? After
Lohner Porsche prototype was born not only to respond to the market, but also attracted a lot of companies added to the development of this new technology. The car is designed to take two precursor and only appearance still looked like a carriage shape. Vehicle by two front wheels of each wheel is mounted a drive motor, and with a low friction between the direct transfer system of the motor vehicle, and lead-acid battery will power the motor, this drive method in terms of efficiency was much better than internal combustion engine vehicles.
two through continuous improvement of prototypes, culminating in December 1900, Lohner Porsche finished its debut, the power of each front wheel motors can reach 1.9 ~ 2.6 kW, while the operation of the instantaneous power output of 5.2 kW, maximum speed can reach 14 km / h (speed in this year has been quite fast), this car finished model data at the time of the automotive industry shocked four. In addition, Lohner Porsche models finished in the birth of messages European countriesAlso created a stir, so Ferdinand middot; Bo Sheer also the first time received a purchase order for an architect.
At the suggestion of the architect, Ferdinand middot; Bo Sheer and Ludwig middot; lona both for the car further improvement. The two models replaced the original four models, the rear wheels were increased by two-wheel motor to provide more power, but it also implements four-wheel drive vehicle. Meanwhile, in the case of two-wheel motor generator is directly powered by the lead acid battery reducing section 74 to section 44, which is the first hybrid system in human history, as well as hybrid system equipped with four drive.
However, in this case siquban Lohner Porsche model is not perfect, the vehicle weight of more than 4 t, and high cost. So the royal family and therefore do not buy this four-wheel-drive version of the model, they prefer or two two-drive version of the Lohner Porsche models.
Ferdinand middot; Bo Sheer and Ludwig middot; lona in order to allow the two four-wheel-drive version of the Lohner Porsche models more convincing, the battery of the vehicle and hub motor to lose weight, and then took part in the enduro. Although they eventually out of the race because of tire failure, but with the 54 km of the good results beat the other players (other electric vehicles use the same technology only ran 11.2 km highest score), so that through this endurance race, four four drive version of the Lohner Porsche models proved its strong technical capabilities, which has been favorable for the royal family and the industry.
After the race, they discovered the potential of hybrid technology opportunities, as well as four-wheel-drive version of the Lohner Porsche brings. In 1901, they optimize the vehicle again, introduced Mixte version, in this case a vehicle assembly 5.5 L four-cylinder engine to provide enough power to let the vehicle, under the increased engine performance, a lead acid battery the volume is further reduced. At this time, the appearance of sideSurface has undergone great changes, under the front-engine and rear shift operating mechanism and the seat, the vehicle has the shape substantially away from the carriage, to start real “cars” evolved, but this time also the weight of the vehicle It was controlled within 1.2 t.
▲ Lohner late Porsche launched Mixte version
With Mixte version of the model in terms of space, appearance, power, etc. the outstanding advantages, Lohner Porsche model versions continue to be recognized by the market, performance and endurance performance also continued to improve in the iterative update, when compared to internal combustion engine vehicles, electric and hybrid technology in battery life, performance, ride comfort, stability, etc. in a better position, which also makes Germany and the European countries as the royal family choose Lohner Porsche car travel, which completely eliminated the carriage. Since the Lohner Porsche models to bring disruptive change at the time of the automotive industry, but also to Phil Nadi middot; Bo Sheer Austria won the highest award Automotive Engineers. Between the
1901 and 1906, Lohner Porsche models mature hybrid technology is used in double-decker buses, trains, fire engines and other social vehicles, as of 1906 each version of the Lohner Porsche models have gained more than 300 orders.
■ Electric has great development / why hybrid technology to an abrupt end?
did not last long, Phil Nandi middot; because when Bo Sheer Lohner Porsche car and hybrid technology highly acclaimed by the industry, is also favored by many business tycoons , have an olive branch to him. Final at the end of 1906, Phil Nandi middot; Bo Sheer left Ludwig middot; lona body plant, joined the then well-known Austrian Daimler – Benz AG became chief designer, the next few years, Phil Nandi middot; Bo Sheer focus more on the research engineHair, which suspended the research and development of electric technology.
Lohner Porsche car and hybrid technology for Phil Nadi middot; Bo Sheer, it may just be time to deal with the product of social development, if the automotive industry want to grow still need to confirm the internal combustion engine, so Lohner Porsche car development was shelved. But 30 years after that the car is still in the Lohner Porsche suppress the development of the internal combustion engine technology until 1930, six-cylinder and eight-cylinder engine from the mature technology, so Lohner Porsche car and set of sophisticated hybrid technology came to an end, slowly out of the market.
digression: We found the unofficial show, eventually Lohner Porsche car competitors out of the market, at that time has a mature technology, six-cylinder British brand – Rolls-Royce. The launch of Sliver Ghost (Silver Charm) models, quickly seized the royal car market European countries. Since 1907, its first market, as of 1924, total sales of 6173 cars.
▲ 1907, paragraph 
Rolls Royce Sliver Ghost (Silver Charm) model
In addition, Lohner Porsche reason is that there is a even after Lohner Porsche models priced several times after the optimization is still relatively expensive. According to information found also show that an Englishman Mr. EWHart in between 1900 to 1901 to buy this car, then the standard two-drive version of the price for the 7950 Austrian kroner, while the four-wheel drive version requires at least 15,000 kroons Austria, the price at the time you can buy two ordinary cars have an internal combustion engine. The car can not be so popular in the working class, only the royal family or wealthy can afford.
Finally, in 1933, came to power in Germany, Adolf middot; Hitler, in 1939, launched the “Second World War.”Nazi period, the development of the automobile industry almost stagnant, all car manufacturing companies are forced to produce various kinds of weapons for the Nazis (Ferdinand middot; Bo Sheer at this time are designing the famous “Tiger” and many times change models).
▲ Adolf middot; Hitler
■ sleeping for years beginning when electric technology “wake up”?
1. internal combustion engine research and development and oil exploration interdependence, rapid recovery of the post-war car prices “wound”
Second World war is a disaster for the world, but as a defeated Germany is subject to corresponding penalties. For example, when Daimler in Stuttgart – Mercedes-Benz, the largest plant of its Eighty percent of productivity in 1945 was destroyed. The Volkswagen was almost completely destroyed in the largest factory in Wolfsburg, Germany had developed for the development of electric vehicles and the entire automotive industry is a heavy blow.
▲ ruins of a factory in Germany during World War II after the bombing
1945 years, the BMW Eisenach BMW pre-war factory resumed production of motorcycles R35, the same year automobile production has been restored, the BMW 321 sedan production was first, followed by the production of the BMW 326 cars and more cars.
▲ 1945 year BMW 321 models of cars
In 1948, rebuilt on the ruins of Volkswagen, with war before designing the Beatles drawing resumed production. Twenty thousand Beetle assembly line just to enter the market, sold out immediately.
digression: surely we should all know the origins of Volkswagen Beetle, Ferdinand middot; Mr. Porsche in the Daimler – Benz when the company where he has already had to build low-cost civilian car the idea, persevering then Daimler – Benz executives rejected his ideaTherefore launched in 1910 Daimler – Benz.
▲ 1938 4 Yue 20 on Hitler’s birthday, Mr. Porsche demonstrate “national car” model
Over the next 20 years, which Phil Nandi middot; Mr. Porsche was in the Mercedes – Benz worked for, and founded his own company – Porsche design. And he published an article on civilian cars in the January 17, 1934, intended to create cheap, people can afford to buy a car, get people’s positive response. Hitler’s mind has long been this idea, the two hit it off. Ferdinand middot; Mr. Porsche was Adolf middot; Hitler entrusted with the task, the honor of the national car plan to achieve
(that is, the future production of the Volkswagen Beetle) .
▲ post-war Volkswagen Beetle production line
in the same period, Daimler middot; Benz factory assembly line and also war after a rapid recovery operation. Since before the war repairer has a wealth of experience, so after the recovery in 1952, the production and development of a new car – “Mercedes-Benz 300 SL “, the car soon became at that time the reconstruction and rehabilitation the landmark symbol.
▲ convertible version of the gull-wing door version of the Mercedes-Benz 300 SL, the year priced at $ 10,000
The reason why the German car firms have been able to outside the rapid post-war recovery, “trauma”, in addition they followed the pre-war models have been developed drawings. Also derived from the internal combustion engine was developed on a large scale in the 1920s, the discovery of oil is one of the main raw material of the internal combustion engine is running, so that countries around the world began a large-scale exploitation of oil, resulting in crude oil prices. According to statistics, as of September 1960 oil prices still remain at around $ 200 / barrel price range. At that time the electric car with no fuel vehicles compared to any advantage, which led to almost complete disappearance of electric vehicles, fuel vehicles strong rise.
2. the first oil shock of electric vehicles “last straw”
fuel vehicles in the strong development of the 50 after years due to the first oil crisis in 1973, resulting in crude oil prices soared from $ 2 / barrel rose to $ 11.5 / barrel, this roller-coaster oil prices so that people can not afford to increase, so the major German cars prices almost stagnant fuel vehicle development and production. This oil crisis in Europe fell by 2.5 percentage GDP, industrial production fell by 8 percentage, steel production fell 14.5 percentage, 18.6 percentage automobile production cuts, unemployment hit a new high since World War II. The oil embargo Act also allows the Netherlands, Japan, these countries need to import oil completely cut off the economic lifeline.
German car firms have to cope with the losses caused by this oil crisis, like Volkswagen, BMW, Audi, Mercedes-Benz in the development of electric vehicles have turned around this dusty long service. Which are more like Volkswagen and BMW have clear foresight car prices, respectively, in 1972, they launched the electric distribution strategy.
■ late Ashkenazi began to force the electrification of the 20th century, but production was “short-lived”
1. BMW: positive molecular, vehicle models involved in “power”
BMW in the previous year (1972) oil crises launched the first of its pure electric vehicle BMW 1602 electric.
Because the moving process produces no emissions, so the BMW 1602 Electric becoming the Munich Summer Games marathon race car boot.
BMW 1602 Electric based on the time-based platform to build 2, different from the machine front hatch is today an electric vehicle storage space, BMW1602 Electric machine front hatch the lead-acid battery filled, there is a maximum output power of 32 kw electric motor.
At the time BMW1602 Electric endurance mileage of 60 km, but in fact it is a non-rechargeable electric vehicle, the battery is depleted battery can only be replaced with new “continued life.” But the technical conditions of view, has been considered a very good electric car.
specifically mentioning thing is that the car’s appearance already has a regenerative braking function, that is, we now have electric cars’ brake energy recovery system. ”
only 60 km mileage by weight, the battery has already reached 349 kg. It is obvious that battery technology has not yet reached the stage of development of electric vehicles, although the actual vehicle is far from satisfactory, but BMW’s forward-thinking worthy of awe.
Although BMW1602 Electric technology can not achieve commercial value, but BMW1602 Electric cars BMW has laid a good foundation in electric technology, in the next three decades, BMW They were introduced a variety of electric vehicle (containing 1975 LS electric, 1987 in 325iX, 1991 in E1, 1992 ~ 3 lines and other electric 325 in 1997), and has not given up the development of electric powertrain technology.
▲ 1975 production of BMW LS Electric cars, on the basis of 1602 E on the increased charge function
▲ 1987 Annual production of BMW 325iX electric models
BMW introduced early electric models are mostly based on improved fuel vehicles, which is what we now commonly known as the “oil power” models. However, production in the year 1991 BMW E1 models, BMW is the first born of the electric car, at first glance when E1 is not seem to see the shadow of the current i3?
from a BMW987 for the first time on a BMW 325iXElectric models on sodium-sulfur battery tasted the sweetness of this thing, so this time using nickel chloride battery in the BMW E1 models, so this appeared at the Frankfurt Motor Show BMW E1 can be in the city travel 200 km, and a maximum speed of 120 km / h.
BMW E1 lightweight design, simple cabin, even today, 20 years later, it still is the development trend of automobile design. Unfortunately, the concept car BMW BMW E1 has not been developed mass production, but they did a milestone paving the way for future electrification development.
2. VW: advanced elements, focus on research and development of electric golf cars
another lead Germany to carry out the development of electric car companies are Volkswagen, also in 1972, Volkswagen and Bosch, Varta, RWE jointly developed the first electric vehicles T2 pure electric version of the Transporter. The car used in lead-acid batteries, a DC drive motor mounted on the output power of 16 kW. T2 pure electric version of the Transporter production time lasted for several years, but a total of only 120 produced.
T2 ▲ 1972 production of purely electrical version Transporte models
In 1976, the introduction of the first e-Golf;
1981 in the introduction of pure electric version of the Golf-based production CitySTROMer;
1985, the launch of the second generation CitySTROMer based on the second generation Golf;
in 1993, during the transition to the third generation Golf process, launched the third generation CitySTROMer.
▲ 1976 production of the first e-Golf model
▲ 1981 the annual production of the first generation of Volkswagen CitySTROMer pure electric vehicle, and the car battery voltage meter
in the ensuing nearly 20 years, has maintained a public electric vehicle research and development, and introduced a variety of models equipped with lead-acid batteries, but the overall yield not more than one thousand.
3.
Audi: efforts molecules begin to abandon pure electric hybrid As early as 1919, Dr. Rudolf Slaby in German in her spare time designed a very small electric car for daily travel, I did not expect this clever design attracted a lot of interest. Smart Dr. Slaby quickly and Hermann Beringer jointly set up a company, specializes in the production this is named Slaby-Beringer electric car. News just came out, Slaby-Beringer was spotted founder DKW company (one of the predecessors of today’s Audi AG), Mr. Rasmussen. Rasmussen investment in the production of a large number Slaby-Beringer electric car and sell it around the world.
However, after the battery and motor technology stagnated for 50 years, Audi introduced the first generation duo concept car in 1989, and has been shown at the 1990 Geneva Motor Show. The concept car is based on the internal combustion engine drive and motor drive combination of “dual drive” hybrid models. The reason why the introduction of hybrid cars, because Audi believes in a short time, no pure electric vehicleFrance take the place of internal combustion engines in the automotive industry development.
more interesting is that, in order to confirm the Audi pure tram is not suitable for this age, especially projected a set of data to prove that electric vehicles with zero emissions and low noise two advantages, disadvantages far greater than their own two advantages. (Found in the data below)
1. 80 L of the fuel energy is about 800 kW, efficiency of the internal combustion engine is assumed that the percentage of 25, it is possible to directly drive the vehicle is traveling energy 200 kWh.
2. If the sodium-sulfur battery for doing a nickel cadmium battery or a battery-based energy density at the time of about 52 kWh / kg or 80 Wh / L. To store 200 kWh of electricity, a major need about 4 t Battery 2 500 L or occupied space.
The first generation Audi duo:
with a driving axle 5-cylinder gasoline engine, an electric motor driving the rear axle. In pure electric driving, the maximum speed of 52 km / h, if traveling at economic speed (60 km / h), electric mileage up to 40 km, basically meet the speed limit in downtown area of most cities in Europe, to achieve ” zero emissions “driving needs.
The second generation Audi duo:
1991, Audi launched the second generation Audi duo model, equipped with a 2.0 L four-cylinder engine, and Audi quattro system directly proud four driving wheels. The motor can be driven independently Audi duo travel to 65 km / h, pure electric mileage of up to 80 km.
The third generation of the Audi duo:
In 1997, Audi introduced its third generation of the Audi A4 duo to build models. Which was equipped with a 1.9 L TDI diesel engine + motor-driven vehicle, a top speed of 80 km pure electrical mode / h, the mileage of 50 km. In the same year the third generation of the Audi duo models marketed in Europe, but because of the high cost, the market can not accept, the final model only sold less than 100.
4.
Daimler – Benz: backward molecule, a small amount of commercial electric vehicles Release Daimler – Benz in this era has begun research and experimental electric car, from historical data that we found the show in March 1972, Daimler – Benz took part in the international electric vehicle Symposium produce electricity distributors Federation organized the meeting Dame Le – Mercedes-Benz has released LE 306 electric vans. A few months later, a few prototypes LE 306 put into use in 1972, at the twentieth Olympics, they’ve got a car “Mercedes-Benz – electric drive to make more environmentally friendly” slogan.
topic: Ashkenazi car pricesCompared who at this time is because the United States is “ZEV Act,” which derived both Impact and EV1 electric car swept the entire US auto industry. The performance of these two cars, at the time that time is not to be underestimated.
■ from history to the present day, Ashkenazi electric car prices are a focus of research and development or policy responses?
said that the history of the development of so many electric car companies in Germany, we saw they were not loyal love the development of electric vehicles in the early stages of development, but because of the 1973 oil crisis, forcing to protect themselves they had to electrification “bow.” The evolution to the present time, I think it should be divided into two “levels” to see their development in German electrification business.
1.
The first “level”: In response to the policy, but rather the slow pace of development which in 2000 and 2010 period of time, the traditional car prices have also tried to develop electric vehicles, but in fact these electric vehicles in response to the discharge of the implementation of government policies, can be said that in order to develop and development, and can not bring to enhance the experience on the use. If not out of political pressure, not get subsidies, few consumers will buy electric cars, so car prices are naturally willing to produce electric cars, after all, the production of electric vehicles through the development, testing and other aspects of a series, but also the cost It will greatly enhance the more.
▲ 2011, paragraph 
▲ 2014, paragraph 
[ 123] the second half of 2019, Volkswagen launched in the country based on the MQB platform for the production of three electric vehicles, respectively Sunny pure electric version, a pure electric version of the Golf and Bora pure electric version, these three cars are equipped with a power It is a permanent magnet synchronous motor 100 kW and a capacity of 37.2 kWh and 38.1 kWh (Sunny purely electrical version) of the battery. Comprehensive Mileage is 270 km and 278 km (Sunny pure electric version).
on the MQB developed view on pure electric vehicles, the low degree of integration, low efficiency,Weak performance is a major short board, so these three pure electric cars mainly to complete the two-point requirements, after all domestic consumers of the public, has given way to FAW-Volkswagen and Shanghai Volkswagen presented a large-scale vehicle fuel sales, integration and NEV existing and demand there is a big demand. 
such a thing happened in the same BMW who, in 2008, BMW launched the electric car project Project i, and launched the project’s first pure electric car MINI E, June 2009, MINI E began to private customers in the US city of Los Angeles and New York, leasing, and insurance services, including charging a monthly rental of $ 850. Although we did not find conclusive evidence to prove that the introduction of the MINI E in response to the then national emissions policy, but at the time the car circle environment, the launch version of the model still can not travel out of the suspect in this regard. 
However, the launch of the BMW MINI E was also to prove BMW developed the first generation of electric drive powertrain technology, although the car’s mileage is only 100 miles but BMW is smooth introduction of the car, produced a total of up to 600 test vehicles, test MIMI E continued until March 2011, the BMW signal confirms the seriousness of the electric development. 
Although like Daimler – Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen and BMW the German car firms who are to respond to country launched the EU emissions policy or policy version of the double integral The “reset” of the electric business and launched the “car policy.” But macro point of view, the policy can be considered to promote the “initiative” German electric car prices are the development of a do not fly. 
2.
The second “dimension”: Chinese electric vehicle market rise, “forcing” Ashkenazi car prices accelerated development If it is not the rise of China’s new energy market, the German car firms are still at a slow pace of development, the implementation of its own electric vehicle, or even “policy of electric vehicles.” However, in March 2009, under the State Council, “the automobile industry restructuring and revitalization plan” file, first mentioned in the new energy development projectsMarked by the central funding arrangements for financial subsidies. To March 2010, new energy vehicles for the first time in two of the country is presented as an emerging industry. And then to the 2011 Shanghai International Auto Show, only Chinese brand on display 66 new energy vehicles, covering hybrid, plug-in hybrid, new energy technology road by the mainstream programs, such as electric, had foreshadowed the future China will become the world’s new energy automotive industry center.
BMW: pre-emptive, to seize the market
2013 BMW first listing i3, which is the amount of BMW produced the first truly pure electric cars, BMW for this total car models invested $ 2.65 billion. According to statistics, in the listing i3 occasion of the first anniversary of the 2014 global sales of 16 052, 2015, sales rose to 24 057, as of 2019, total sales of 150,000 BMW i3. An overwhelming win in the competition with sales of Mercedes-Benz B-Class electric version.
Although obtaining many awards, but the BMW Group has not slowed down the pace of development of new energy field, has introduced a variety of pure electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (covers BMW i8, BMW X1 PHEV, BMW 530Le, etc.). 2023, BMW plans will provide 25 models of electric car market. 
Benz: to shorten the competition electric development gap
Although the development of electric BMW opportunities are seized, but the essence of Daimler did not idle a. Starting from its battery, the 2010 joint venture with Evonik DeutscheAccumotive. All of the shares in 2014 and the successful acquisition of Evonik hand held cell Li-Tek Corporation and Deutsche Accumotive company.
then Daimler announced in 2016 to invest $ 540 million investment in Germany Kamenz a new battery PACK factory that will produce batteries for the Mercedes-Benz and SmartTwo brands use. The move also makes traditional car prices in Europe and America to become Daimler camp, the first to have battery manufacturing capacity of car prices. 
At the Paris Motor Show in September of that year, Daimler demonstrates pure electric SUV concept car called the “Benz EQ”, and this is just the beginning, because EQ is not a car, but a series. November 2019 a pure electric car on the true meaning of Daimler-Benz EQC officially listed, compared to the BMW i3 behind a full six years, but this car is Daimler has a milestone. EQC Mercedes-Benz and BMW and Audi e-tron iX3 the same is that they are pure electric models, but EQC is not based on pure electric platform, but to use fuel vehicles Mercedes-Benz GLC platform developed.
▲ Benz EQC 400 4MATIC creation Generation 1886 limited edition 
▲ BMW iX3 
from Daimler electric speed of development point of view, although he has stressed that “we are the inventor of the automobile,” but because the first electric development at the oil crisis of “late” was. But the pace of construction of a series of battery factories Daimler’s point of view, to shorten their development gap with competitors from other areas.
Volkswagen: Then catch up, hold together for warmth in a family way
After a study of electric golf cars for 18 years, Volkswagen in Germany in 2010 showed golf the sixth-generation blue-e-motion, and launched its first research and development of electric vehicles in China Lavida blue-e-motion at the 2010 Beijing auto show, both pure electric vehicle regarded as a modern version of the electric car.
2019 debut of the latest version of Polaris pure electric, pure electric version of the Lavida and Golf pure electric version, these three pure electric car is too conservative, limited competitiveness, I believe the public naturally well aware. In the same year, so the public will soon launch its new electric family of ID, which contains a variety of competitive concept car, for example, ID., ID.CROZZ, ID. BUZZ, ID.VIZZION, ID. BUGGY and ID.ROOMZZ.
▲ VW ID family of models 
from the ID. ID.3 from the evolution of the concept car has been officially put into operation in Zwickau, Germany plant, and the first to be delivered in the spring of 2020 in the European market. The amount of the 2019 Guangzhou Motor Show section by the ID. Evolution concept car’s ID. Has shown signs this year will be to achieve localization in Foshan factory, which is also the first Chinese-made Volkswagen Group ID. Models.
▲ public ID.3 pure electric vehicle 
In addition, Volkswagen also said 2025 will be released 33 models of electric cars, including sedans, SUV, hatchback vehicles, when the global annual output of 1 million electric cars, two-thirds come from China. This series of actions, the public must also pass a signal to the outside world, ID. Series is the true force that had launched three electric power is only a transitional phase Volkswagen route planning.
ID ▲ Volkswagen has shown signs of domestic pure electric vehicle 
Audi: Accumulate, technology continues to update iteration
[123 ] compared to other German car companies, Audi baking in the development of electric energy research and development, from the 1990s until today not from the stop. In 2009, the first Audi e-tron concept car unveiled in Frankfurt Motor Show in Germany, and this shape is very similar to the four-wheel drive the Audi R8 sports car, powered by a 42.4 kWh lithium-ion battery and 230 kW motors, maximum range is 248 km.
In 2010, Audi has released the second paragraph e-tron concept car, this is a version of the electric-drive vehicles, the maximum output power of 150 kW, maximum mileage is 250km. In the same year, Audi launched an electric vehicle development plan, said it would launch the Audi R8 e-tron limited editionModels. But after manufacturing the 10 Audi R8 e-tron prototype car in 2013, Audi will be limited by battery technology can not achieve the expected mileage and the grounds to suspend the Audi R8 e-tron study of the main line of electric vehicle development program.
in March 2014, when by the time Tesla Model S sold 17,600 in the United States it’s exciting, Audi plans to re-start the development of electric vehicles . Audi side said, the reason that the battery technology has initiated progress, mileage can be achieved at the same time increased from the original 215 km to 450 km.
the next few years, Audi officially launched A3e-tron, A6Le-tron concept car, etc., and Q7e-tron, A6L e-tron an equal amount of the production version . But these models are plug-in hybrid cars, and not a power like the previous development plan planning pure electric vehicle.
let the people of this Audi’s long-awaited flagship electric vehicle landing time, some true slow development. However, Audi more than a decade of uninterrupted power of R & D point of view, the Audi e-tron does not come late, but Audi made a serious attitude in a “perfect” electric vehicles.
Porsche: Electric car originator review, from electric cars to electric cars
From 1900 Ferdinand middot; Mr. Bo Sheer introduced the first electric car Lohner Porsche 2018 first mass-produced electric car Taycan release, has experienced 118 years. Which since 1948Ferdinand middot; Mr. Bo Sheer after the establishment of the Porsche car company, Porsche 70 years of automotive industry this journey of ups and downs, ups and downs, the car industry can shoot a TV series.
▲ Porsche pure electric sports car concept car Mission E
Porsche in the future will rely on “electric travel” and “future car structure” These two were the focus of development to achieve every four Porsche in Taiwan have installed new energy power system in 2025.
▲ Porsche first mass production electric car Taycan
■ state reviews 
Although the German development of electric vehicles next door behind the United states for nearly 60 years, but it can be said Ferdinand middot; Mr. Bo Sheer Lohner Porsche and his invention of the car, are electric car development in indelible glorious history. After the automotive industry has experienced 120 years of development, Ashkenazi car prices genuineness of the electric technology brought in front of us, but they introduced the electric car is able to hold these irreplaceable value the same as a hundred years ago? The answer to this question is that we want, and we hope that these technologies can lead to higher electric utility to usAnd Originality, not in order to “deal with” policy “policy car.” the next issue we will be grilled a steak that US electric car with the “American humor” of history, so stay tuned!