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What is Synchronizer?

Internal structure

manual transmission has a very important device, that is, “Synchronizer.” Acting synchronizer is quite obvious that when shifting gear when the rotational speed since the force output end immediately want to change faster than the gears of this gear, without synchronizer, the gear a rotates slowly forced into a high-speed rotation of the gear, be sure to fight tooth phenomenon will occur.

1. The synchronizer Glossary

internal structure of the manual transmission has a very important device, that is, “synchronizer”. Acting synchronizer is quite obvious that when shifting gear when the rotational speed since the force output end immediately want to change faster than the gears of this gear, without synchronizer, the gear a rotates slowly forced into a high-speed rotation of the gear, be sure to fight tooth phenomenon will occur.

2. Synchronizer basic structure

The synchronizer fact that the white friction plate is on the coupling sleeve and the gear set arrangement, the general friction plate is different, its friction surface is tapered. This effect of friction plate group is established before the teeth of the spur and the contact disc, friction in advance, to the rotational speed of one of the large energy transferred to the smaller one of the rotational speed, the rotational speed so that the smaller one of the lifting speed, the larger one reaches a speed synchronous rotation speed. This will not only ensure the normal shift, but also functions as a buffer, and the number of the tapered surface of the disk stack material will directly affect the merits of the synchronizer performance.

3. The synchronizer action

adjacent gear positions when conversion, steps should be taken to a different principle equally applicable to the case where the gear shifting movement, only the former to be joined with the ring gear the rotation angular velocity sleeve uniform requirement, and the line speed of the gear meshing point of the latter to be joined uniform requirement, but is based on the principle is the same velocity analysis.

shifting operation

of the transmission, in particular from high to low more complicated shifting operation, and it is easy to produce the tooth or spline teethImpact. To simplify operation and to avoid impact between the teeth, may be disposed in the shift device synchronizer.

locking synchronization is synchronized to rely on friction, dedicated means provided thereon to ensure that the splined gear sleeve to be joined before reaching the synchronization impossible in contact, thus avoiding the interdental impact.

4. The synchronizer Category

Synchronization has pressure and inertial type.

At present all synchronous transmission employs the inertia synchronizer, which mainly consists of sleeve, etc. synchronizer ring, which is characterized by relying on friction to achieve synchronization.

sleeve, are chamfered synchronization (lock angle), the synchronizer ring tapered inner gear ring to be in contact with the outer tapered surface frictional locking ring and the ring gear engaging the gear to be engaged. Locking taper angle in the design have been made appropriately selected, so that the tapered surface friction sleeve to synchronize with the ring gear to be engaged, will produce a locking effect at the same time, to prevent the gears meshed in the preamble.

When the synchronizer ring tapered outer ring gear to be engaged with the tapered surface in contact, under the effect of friction torque gear speed rapidly decreases (or increases) to a speed equal to the synchronizer ring, the two synchronous rotation, the rotational speed gear synchronizer ring zero, the moment of inertia and thus also disappear, then under the impetus of the biasing force, the clutch engagement with the unhindered synchronizer ring gear, and the gear to be engaged with further engagement ring gear shifting operation is completed.

5. Synchronizer works

The synchronization of the whole inertial synchronizer type transmission, which mainly consists of sleeve, etc. synchronizer ring, which is characterized by relying on friction to achieve synchronization. Sleeve, are chamfered synchronization (lock angle), the synchronizer ring of the ring gear to be engaged with the tapered outer cone friction contact with the lock ring and the ring gear of the gear to be engaged. Locking taper angle in the design have been made appropriately selected, so that the tapered surface friction sleeve to synchronize with the ring gear to be engaged, will produce a locking effect at the same time, to prevent the gears meshed in the preamble. When the synchronizer ring tapered surface to be engaged with the tapered surface in contact with the outer ring gear, under the action of the rotational speed of the gear friction torque rapidly decreases (or increases) to be equal to the synchronous speed lock ring, both synchronous rotation, with respect to the gear speed synchronizer ring zero, the moment of inertia and thus also disappear, then under the impetus of the biasing force, the clutch unhindered engagement with the synchronizer ring gear, and further engage with the ring gear to be engaged is completed shifting.

three output shaft 6 and the gear ratio of gear teeth of the third gear input shaft 2 (z6 / z2) greater than the output shaft 5 and the fourth-gear gear teeth of the gear ratio of the input shaft 4 (z5 / z4 fourth gear ). Teeth intermeshing relationship by the rotational speed of the transmission gear (n2 / n6 = z6 / z2, n4 / n5 = z5 / z4), 2 can be drawn with the gear ratio of the gear 6 of the rotational speed (n2 / n6) is greater than the fourth-gear gear input shaft 4 and the output shaft rotational speed of the fourth gear ratio of the gear 5 (n4 / n5) conclusion. Three-speed gear output shaft 6 and the gear 5 and the rotational speed are the same (n6 = n5), so in the transmission process, the rotational speed of the gear 2 is always higher than the speed gear 4, i.e. n2gt; n4. When the transmission from the low speed gear (third gear)Substitution When high speed (fourth speed), first clutch pedal, disengage the clutch, the shift lever or the like followed by clutch 3 right into the neutral position. 3 and the sleeve 2 in freshly isolated gears the moment, the rotational speed is equal to two, i.e., n3 = n2. And n2gt; n4, which can be drawn n3gt; n4, i.e. engaging sleeve 3 is greater than the rotational speed conclusions 4 speed gear. Then immediately if the sliding sleeve 3 toward engagement ring gear 4, to fight tooth phenomenon occurs.

At this time, since the transmission is in neutral, there is no contact between the sleeve and the gear, and the clutch disk from the engine, so that each sleeve is gradually reduced in rotational speed gear. Since the gear with the gear, the output shaft, universal drive, drive axle, and the entire vehicle driving system together, high inertia, so n4 decreased slowly; only the clutch associated with the input shaft and the clutch disc, small inertia, it n3 decreased rapidly. Because the original is larger than n4 n3, n4 n3 fall off than get fast, so after a moment, there must n3 = n4 (synchronous) situation. In the best timing n3 = n4 of the right and the engagement sleeve engaging the fourth gear. Contact sleeve parts with a range of inertia is smaller, faster n3 decreased to reach the less required for time synchronization, and at the same speed difference, the impact force between teeth is small, and therefore rotation of the clutch portion Some inertia should be as small as possible.

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