In 2007, with the listing of FAW-Volkswagen’s first medium-sized car Magotan, the public officially opened the “TSI” era in China. Since then, the turbocharged engine has also begun to choose from the small players, gradually enter the public vision and flourish in the following more than ten years.
In particular, the Volkswagen launched the 1.4TSI engine, and the small displacement turbocharger quickly replaces the traditional 1.8L, 2.0L. Naturally inhaled engines, and drive the development of many small displacement boost engines. This is not forbidden, what is the magic of turbocharged to the end, let it go beyond natural suction? Especially in the high-end model market, in addition to the self-suction cars of the extremely niche, almost all models have turned on the turbocharged camp. Where is it?
0-100KM / h accelerated 13 seconds Opened old Jagoda
refers to the turbocharged engine, which remains to most users must be strong, which is the most intuitive feeling for users. After all, the current needs of automobile consumers are much higher than that of the power than ten years ago. It is to know that only 92 hp in that year, 0-100km / h accelerates Jetta, in Jetta, in many “old drivers”, is the performance of performance vehicles. But now, accelerating 13 seconds of cars will be treated as mobile roadblocks!
Further, in most cases of daily use, the speed of the vehicle is generally not exceeded by 3,000 revolutions. Especially in accordance with the teaching law of the domestic driving school, it seems that the vehicle speed is more than 2000 turns is a sin! In this driving mode, the turbocharger engine with a more powerful torque is bound to be more powerful than the natural intake engine.
Further, when an accelerated overtaking, the moment of the turbocharged engine burst outThe torque is also stronger than the natural inhale engine, and it will give people more powerful and full of feelings.
For a car like a car, the turbocharged engine There is also a congenital advantage that the modification potential is even greater. For traditional natural intake engines, we need to upgrade the power output, and need to upgrade in many parts of engine structure, intake, fuel injection, exhaust, and finally exchanged only sporadic power promotion.
For the turbocharger, you only need to brush the ECU to improve the turbine pressure, you can get very obvious The power improvement. For example, in the very well-known Volkswagen Golf GTi, it is equipped with 220 hp in the original factory. If you do not change any hardware, you can upgrade to 300 horsepower, which can be said that it is quite significant. . 
The 9-generation Si, which has been domestically produced in the past, is equipped with a 2.4L natural intake engine with up to 7000 revolutions, with 207 horsepower. 235nmiddot; M’s power output, 0-100km / h accelerate in about 7.5 seconds. This achievement is compared to Honda’s new 1.5T engine’s 10th generation, and there is no advantage! 
And Honda’s new 1.5T engine also has very excellent modification capabilities, original 177 horsepower engine, does not change any other hardware, only Brush the ECU program can be upgraded to 220 horsepower, more powerful than the 9-generation Si version of 2.4L engine! Because of this, the turbocharged engine has a great advantage compared to self-suction in the pursuit of motivation, accelerated fans.
The turbocharged engine can be popularized, and another important reason is the advantage of fuel consumption. For example, the 1.5T engine of Honda Accord has 194 horsepower, 260 nmIDDOT; M’s power output. The same level of Camry 2.5L model has 210 hp, 250 nmIDDOT; M’s power output, both of which are proximity.
However, in terms of fuel consumption, 1.5T Honda Accord is approximately 7.7L / 100km, while 2.5L natural intake engine. Camry, comprehensive fuel consumption is about 8.5L, or there is a certain gap. And don’t forget, Camry’s 2.5L A25A engine has a heat efficiency of up to 40%, which is one of the most thermally efficient non-mixed engines. Under this premise, you still can’t overcome 1.5T in terms of power and fuel consumption, you can say that it is high!
Turbocharged engine, the natural intake engine fuel consumption than the same power level during daily use, one of the important reasons is that we The daily driving speed usually does not exceed 2000 turns, under this low load condition, the turbocharger does not participate in too much work, at this time, due to the relatively small base displacement, the amount of injection and intake It will be lower than the self-suction engine. It is equivalent to a small displacement natural intake engine at work, and the fuel consumption is naturally low.
In summary, I believe that everyone also found that the small displacement turbocharged engine can provide better fuel economy when it requires oil in daily low load. When the urgency acceleration of the truly power is needed, the turbine can provide stronger explosive power, which is better than natural inhalation than natural.
In addition to the daily fuel consumption performance, small displace turbine The supercharged engine is also very dominant under regulatory conditions. Taking the NEDC working condition adopted by the domestic Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, this condition mainly includes four urban cycle conditions (1 above), And a suburban cycle condition (above Figure 2). There is no urgent acceleration test between each cycle, and the acceleration of the vehicle is only 2km / h, which is equivalent to accelerating from 0 from 0 to 100km / h. And the vehicle does not actually travel during the test, but operate on the constant temperature environment, eliminates the impact of wind resistance, tire resistance, temperature, road friction and other factors. This leads to a relatively small turbocharged engine in this low load condition. 
The fuel consumption measured by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is that another advantage of the company is that it can get better in my country’s coffee regulations (CAFC). income. Because the most critical requirements in coffee regulations are that the vehicles produced by the company have ultra-low fuel consumption. If the company does not meet the standard, it will face a fine, prohibiting the new car declaration, or even punishment for crossed deepening. For this reason, the advantages of small displacement turbocharged vehicles in fuel consumption tests will be the key to enterprise survival. 
To meet the coffee rules, there is a more effective shortcut to produce electric, mixed new energy cars, but This route is not within the discussion of this article. If you are interested in classmates, we can talk to this field separately.
[123 Nowadays, the turbocharged engine can be popular, and another important reason is the continuous improvement of technology. The first is the engine material, and the turbocharger is generally used for more than ten years ago, mainly because the durability of the cast iron cylinder can withstand the durability of the turbocharged engine and the high temperature. For example, the classic Mitsubishi 9 generation EVO is because the cast iron cylinder 4G63 engine can have extremely powerful modification capabilities. Subsequent 10 generation EVOs are replaced by the 4B11 engine of the aluminum alloy cylinder, which is not raised by the 9th generation of 10 generations.
Today, with the advancement of material technology, the aluminum alloy cylinder has been completely non-cast iron in strength, and the material cost has also become lower, which can be popular Multi-civilian household car. At this time, the advantages of aluminum alloy are reflected in the weight of the weight, not only to ensure light weight, but also with high temperature and high pressure. And benefited from the continuous precision of processing technology, and today’s engine is not easy to have problems such as burnt oil, pull tanks, etc. in the early days of turbocharged engines. 
The turbocharged engine has not been popular in the early years, and the other reason is The heat dissipation technology is not developed. Since the turbocharger has a higher operating temperature, and there is also a large turbine in the cabin, this leads to the early turbocharged vehicles generally have heat dissipation problems, and even some old treasures come 1.8T owners, running After the high-speed parking, there is a need for turbocyt cooling such as idle speed. Otherwise the turbocharger is damaged by slow cooling because it is still in a high temperature state.
Today’s engine heat dissipation technology has greatly improved, with the help of more advanced water pumps, water circles, oil heat dissipation, etc., the heat dissipation of turbocharged engines has been resolved, and now no matter natural Inhaling or turbocharged vehicles, all have a flameout cooling function, that is, the cooling system is not immediately stopped immediately, but will continue to cool down for a while. Because of this, whether it is a manufacturer or a player, dare to make more bold pressing power on the turbocharger, nor is it concerned about heat dissipation and reliability.
Today, the progress of the turbocharged engine is also obvious to the efficiency. When 10 years ago, a small displacement turbocharged engine was initially promoted. The thermal efficiency of the engine generally had only 34%, while the SkyActiv-G series of Mazda launched in the same time, the SkyActiv-G series of natural intake engines can already achieve 38%. Thermal efficiency. Don’t look at this difference is only 4 percentages, butFor internal combustion engines, it is already a height.
This also leads to 1.4T, 2.0T engine horsepower, is not exaggerated. For example, the 1.4T EA111 engine used by the Volkswagen Golf 6, the maximum power is only 131 horsepower, and the lift is even more powerful! The EA888 2.0T engine at that time, the same is only 200 horsepower, and now it is not high.
However, with the popularity of the turbocharged engine, the technique of surrounding support has also begun to gradually improve. The new turbocharged engine uses the current electronically controlled variable valve timing system, even Toyota, the mass of the Volkswagen has also joined the Miller cycle through timing control, plus the atomization effect. Better, oil and gas is mixed more uniform 350bar high-pressure fuel direct injection system, eventually brings great improvement for the efficiency of the engine. For example, the world’s early 1.4T EA211 engine, the thermal efficiency is only 35%, and now the latest 1.5T EA211EVO engine, the thermal efficiency has been raised to 37.5%!
The current mainstream turbocharger engine also uses variable displacement oil pumps and electron thermostat techniques. Among them, the variable displacement oil pump allows the engine to reduce the power loss of the engine by reducing the oil pump in low speed. Electronic thermostat technology, the engine can be switched into a small cycle at cold start, rapidly increase the temperature of the coolant, so that the oil temperature increases, and the viscosity is lowered, and the friction loss of each moving member inside the engine can reduce the friction loss of the respective moving parts of the engine.
Further, more and more turbocharged engines are currently starting using DLC cylinder wall coating technology, minus conventional cast iron cylinders Set, not only make the engine weight, but also reduce the frictional resistance in the cylinder. Even the brand such as Nissan also introduced the VC-Turbo variable compression ratio technology, directly promoting the efficiency of the turbocharged engine to a new level.
Under the blessing of various techniques, the efficiency of turbocharged engines today can be comparable to traditional natural gas intake engines. For example, Toyota’s 2.0L M20A natural gas intake engine thermal efficiency can be 40%. The 2.0T variable compression of Nissan can also achieve 39% thermal efficiency than the engine, and the 1.5T blue whale engine of domestic brands can reach 40% thermal efficiency, which does not lose traditional self-absorbing engine.
The turbocharged engine has another disadvantage that turbine hysteresis problem, This leads to the early years of the people who have opened the turbocharged bus, said that the turbine car is uncomfortable and the power is released. However, with the addition of electrification technology, the last piece of the turbine has also been completed. The first is an improvement on the turbine body, and the most representative natural is the VGT variable section turbine technology. This technology is taken first in the 997th 911 Turbo model in 2006, which is also the world’s first gasoline car using a variable section turbine technology.
The principle of this technique is to adjust the blade angle of the supercharger by the motor, so that the turbocharger can be capable of Provide the most reasonable boost value, thereby taking into account the power response of the engine at low speed and the power output at high speed.
Early this technology cost is extremely high, and only Porsche 911 is used. However, with the continuous maturity of technology, the VGT is not too rare, even the latest Volkswagen 1.5T EA211 EVO engine also uses a variable section turbine, and there will be more and more machines in the future. .
If the variable section turbine is still far away, then the 48V light mix technology in the past two years is trustworthy.It is very familiar. At present, the mainstream 48V lightmix system can be simply understood as a high-power starter, which can drive the engine crankshaft when the vehicle is activated and low-speed. This allows the turbine to make up the turbine hysteresis problem at the low speed of the motor with large torque of the motor.
Further, it is benefited from the relatively high voltage and power output, and there is even “electric turbine” in the true sense. . For example, when the Mercedes-Benz and Garreti jointly developed an ETURBO turbine, its structure is to install a ultra-thin high-speed motor at the exhaust end of the traditional turbocharger, powered by the car 48V system, can pass at any time The motor directly drives the turbocharger to rotate, without the need to climb the engine speed, the turbine is blown again.
In theory, this set of ETURBO technology can realize true zero-delay turbocharged technology, and can even achieve maximum torque when starting. , Doing a torque output of near electric vehicles. In summary, as the material intensity of the engine is continuously improved, the efficiency is getting higher and higher, and there is also an addition of electrification technology, and creates the best and most mature era of turbocharged.
[123 For companies, there is another great advantage of using a turbocharged engine. First, compared to the two levels of traditional natural intake engines, a turbocharged engine that can be adapted to each level has a great advantage. For example, the 1.5T engine of Honda, from small SUV, XR-V, until the Accord, the crown of the crown, can be used.
The more mainstream 2.0T engines are almost almost all of the current models. Take the Mercedes-Benz, from the most entry A, GLA, until Gle, S-Class, V-class, and even hard-selling off-road vehicles B all use 2.0T engines. Such excellent adaptability is definitely not a naturally charged engine comparable. Therefore, for the manufacturer, concentration of fire-developing a turbocharged engine can fully spread it all the types of models from their own, undoubtedly significantly reduce production costs.
The tax rate is naturally not to say, in the case where the power level is close to The turbocharged engine has a relatively small displacement. For imported cars, lower displacement taxes can be paid, which can effectively reduce the burden on business and consumers. We use Mercedes-Benz G to take a 4.0T engine G 500 model, its engine displacement is 3982ml, the consumption tax rate is 25%, while the 5.5L self-suction engine’s old G 500 model, the displacement 5461ml, consumption tax rate Up to 40%, the two are the gap between 15% of the consumption tax! In this way, if the declaration price of the two is about 1 million, it will be 150,000 in the car!
The other point is that our domestic 1.6L displacement and the following models issued by 1.6L displacement and the following models have been implemented in 2015. According to regulations, the purchase tax of the vehicle = the price of the car Divide; 11.3. Taking a 2.0L displacement, 200,000 cars as an example, its purchase tax should be 17,699 yuan. And if it replaced a 1.6T engine at the time, it took only 8850 yuan for purchase tax. Now, although there is no small displacement and tax-selling preferential policy, the car boat used by the annual payment is still related to the displacement. We use the Volkswagen to Magotan as an example, 2.0T Magotan, the annual car boat use tax is 480 yuan, At that year, the model of 3.0L V6 engine, the car boat used tax was 1920 yuan, and for ordinary household cars, spent a car boat tax of 1,500 yuan a year, many users can’t ignore. 
For this reason, in the countryIn the period of implementing the purchase tax reduction policy, many manufacturers have launched a small displacement engine for market policies. Many independent brands of 1.4T, 1.5T turbocharged engine are also developed in that two years. The cost of the car is lower, coupled with the previously mentioned small displacement turbine boosts brought the power and fuel consumption advantage from the daily use, and directly helped the turbocharged engine quickly replaced the traditional natural inhalement, became an automobile internal combustion engine. The mainstream choice.
The development of the internal combustion engine has now entered an extremely mature stage. The internal combustion engine was eliminated by policy of policies in the large-scale invasion of the motor. In contrast, today’s turbocharged engine clearly vitality is more powerful, even if it faces an electric car, it will not be too wolf. For this reason, the turbocharged is now replacing natural inhalement and becomes the last banner of the glory of the internal combustion engine!