Automotive emissions are CO (carbon monoxide), HC + NOx (nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons), the PM (particulate, soot) and other harmful gas discharged from the exhaust gas. Because vehicle emissions cause great harm to the environment and human health, in the 1980s our country began to implement vehicle emission standards.
1. Emissions standards noun
Automotive emissions are discharged from the exhaust gas CO (carbon monoxide), HC + NOx (nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons), the PM (particulate soot ) and other harmful gases. Because vehicle emissions cause great harm to the environment and human health, in the 1980s our country began to implement vehicle emission standards.
2. The health effects of vehicle exhaust
From a global perspective, a major cause of air pollution is automobile exhaust. Automobile exhaust contains carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other solid particles have a negative impact on the human body, especially leaded gasoline, more harmful to the human body. Lead is a fine particle state in the exhaust gas, diffusion of the wind. Rural residents, the amount of lead in general inhaled from the air about a microgram per day; urban residents, especially residents along the street will be much higher than rural residents. After the tin into the body, mainly distributed in the liver, kidney, spleen, gall bladder, brain, liver, kidney highest concentration. A few weeks later, transferred from the above lead to the bone tissue, not deposited in the form of insoluble lead phosphate. Lead body from about 90% to 95% accumulated in the bones, only a small amount of lead present in the liver, spleen and other organs. Lead in bone are generally more stable when the calcium deficiency in food or infection, trauma, drinking, taking drugs and destroyed the acid base balance, lead will be transferred from the bone into the blood, causing symptoms of lead poisoning. The symptoms of lead poisoning is widespread, such as dizziness, headache, insomnia, dreams, memory loss, fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal fullness, Heating, nausea, diarrhea, constipation, anemia, peripheral neuritis; severe poisoning significant liver damage, there will be jaundice, enlargement of the liver, liver dysfunction and other symptoms.
3. Emissions standards of
From the early eighties began to take a phased implementation of specific programs difficult after the first trade, its specific implementation has been mainly divided into four stages (State I, State II, the country III, State IV).
● The first stage
In 1983, China promulgated the first batch of motor vehicle exhaust pollution control emission standards, development and implementation of this group of standards, regulations, marking China’s automobile exhaust, from none to Yes, and gradually moving towards the rule of law governance road vehicle exhaust pollution in these standards, including “gasoline vehicle idling pollution emission standards”, “diesel emission standards for smoke at free acceleration”, “full load diesel car smoke emission standards “three criteria and limits” measuring method idling gasoline contaminant “,” method for measuring diesel smoke free acceleration “,” full load smoke measurement “standard automotive diesel three measurement methods. Basis
● The second stage
enactment of the first vehicle exhaust pollution control emission standards in 1983, our country, our country in 1989 and 1993 and promulgated the “light vehicle exhaust gas emission standards “,” gasoline engine exhaust emission standards “two standards and limits” light vehicle exhaust pollutants measurement “,” measurement vehicle gasoline engine exhaust pollutants “two conditions the method of measurement standard, so far, has formed a set of finished states of vehicle emissions standards; worth mentioning is that the “light vehicle exhaust pollutants measurement” issued 93 years of using the ECER15-04 measurement method and the measurement limit of “light vehicle exhaust emission standards” is adopted ECER15-03 limit standard, the standard limit is equivalent to the level of the seventies in Europe (ECE R15- Europe implemented in 1979 03 standard).
● The third stage
to DB11 / 105-1998 “light vehicle emission limits,” the introduction and implementation of Beijing, opened a new round of emission regulations formulated Overture and implementation, since 1999, Beijing implemented DB11 / 105-1998 local regulations, since 2000 the national implementation of GB14961-1999 “car rowContaminant discharge limits and test methods “(equivalent to 91/441 / 1EEC standard), while the” compression ignition engine and a vehicle mounted with the exhaust pollutants Limits and measurement methods of a compression ignition engine “is the introduction of the formulation; and At the same time, Beijing, Shanghai, Fujian and other provinces also refer to the two idling emission measurement method ISO3929, respectively, developed a “two-speed idle gasoline vehicle emission standards” local laws and regulations, the standard-setting regulations and the introduction of the vehicle emissions standard reach the level of the early nineties abroad.
● fourth stage
Automotive emissions of pollutants mainly HC (hydrocarbon), the NOx (nitrogen oxygenates), CO.’S (carbon monoxide), the PM (particulate) or the like, through more application of good active layer of a catalytic converter, and the exhaust secondary air injection cooling system with recirculation system technology, control and reduce vehicle emissions of pollutants to a predetermined value the following criteria. According to the plan, Beijing 2008 implementation of the “national phase IV vehicle emission standards” for the city’s new motor vehicles, vehicle fuel with such standards will begin to supply the city in 2008 January 1.
● fifth stage
GB18352.5-2013 light vehicle emission limits and measurement methods for contaminants (China Ⅴ stage), implemented from January 1, 2018.
● sixth stage
1, from 1 July 2020, all sales and registration of cars must meet the national standard six A;
2, from July 1, 2023, all sales and registration of cars must meet the national standard six B;
part of the city will be brought forward to July 1, 2019 implementation of the country six light vehicle emission standards.
4 European emission standards
European standards by the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE) and the European Union emission regulations (EEC) emissions directive to be implemented jointly, the European Community (EEC) that is now the European Union (EU). ECE emissions regulations by the participating countries voluntary recognition, or EU emissions directive is EEC countries involved in enforcement. European vehicle emissions legislation (Directive) 1992 Pat-standard implementation of a number of stages, beginning in Europe since 1992. Euro Ⅰ (Ⅰ European type approval emission limits), started (Euro Ⅱ Ⅱ type certification and production in Europe since 1996 consistency emission limits), implemented since 2000 in Europe ⅲ (Euro ⅲ type certification and production consistency emission limits), the beginning of the implementation of Europe ⅳ (ⅳ European type approval and production consistency emission limits since 2005).
vehicle emissions GB and European standard is not the same. GB national standards in accordance with China’s specific situation. EC countries members of the European standard is accepted standards. European standard is slightly higher than the national standard.
5. OBD emissions standard
OBD is the abbreviation of On-Board Diagnostics, Chinese translated as “board diagnostics system.” The system will monitor the operating conditions of the engine at any time whether excessive vehicle exhaust, once exceeded, a warning will be issued immediately. When the system fails, the failure (MIL) lamp or check engine (the CheckEngine) warning light, while the powertrain control module (PCM) fault information stored in the memory, can be read out from the PCM code by a certain program failure. The prompt fault code, maintenance personnel can quickly and accurately determine the nature and location of the fault.